Halitosis, or oral malodour, is a globally prevalent and socially distressing condition, ranking as the third most common reason for individuals to seek dental treatment. It is characterized by an unpleasant odour in the exhaled breath. Regardless of its origin, it poses a significant psychological burden due to the associated stigma and embarrassment. With increasing public awareness, improved literacy, and growing emphasis on oral hygiene, more individuals are actively seeking professional help to manage this issue. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the etiological factors and underlying conditions associated with halitosis, discusses diagnostic approaches, and outlines effective preventive and management strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary, interprofessional approach in delivering optimal care to individuals affected by this condition.
Pujari VB, Naik RR, Nandimath KR, Parmar E. Understanding halitosis: A comprehensive review of etiology, diagnosis, and management [Internet]. J Dent Panacea. 2025 [cited 2025 Sep 12];7(2):77-86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2025.019
APA
Pujari, V. B., Naik, R. R., Nandimath, K. R., Parmar, E. (2025). Understanding halitosis: A comprehensive review of etiology, diagnosis, and management. J Dent Panacea, 7(2), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2025.019
MLA
Pujari, Veena B, Naik, Raju R, Nandimath, Kirty R, Parmar, Ekta. "Understanding halitosis: A comprehensive review of etiology, diagnosis, and management." J Dent Panacea, vol. 7, no. 2, 2025, pp. 77-86. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2025.019
Chicago
Pujari, V. B., Naik, R. R., Nandimath, K. R., Parmar, E.. "Understanding halitosis: A comprehensive review of etiology, diagnosis, and management." J Dent Panacea 7, no. 2 (2025): 77-86. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2025.019
